– Umbrales(1997). [12] The summit was attended by 22 heads of state and government from industrialized countries (North) and developing nations (South). After leaving the presidency, López Portillo divorced Romano and married in 1995 his longtime partner, the Yugoslavian-born actress Sasha Montenegro. On September 1, 1982, at his final annual Address to the Congress ("Informe de Gobierno"), López Portillo gave a famous speech where he condemned businessmen and bankers responsible for the capital flight, claimed that the crisis was not his fault ("I'm responsible for the helm, but the storm is not my fault"), announced the nationalization of the banks ("They have looted us, but Mexico is not finished, they won't loot us again! He died in Mexico City when he was 83 years old. – Don Q(1975). [10] The reform furthermore opened the electoral process for small opposition parties. Poco a poco José López Portillo se fue abriendo paso en la vida pública ya que desempeñó diversos cargos en la administración pública federal y en el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), partido que tuvo el poder total en todos los mexicanos la mayor parte del siglo XX. José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco, (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse ˈlopes poɾˈtiʝo]; 16 June 1920 – 17 February 2004) was a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 51st President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982. He famously broke in tears during his speech after asking for the forgiveness of Mexico's poor. Also, Pope John Paul II visited Mexico for the first time.[12]. Er studierte Jura an der Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México und war dort ab 1954 Professor, zuerst für Staatstheorie, danach für politische Wissenschaft. He eventually returned to Mexico and published his memoirs, Mis tiempos: Biografía y testimonio político (1988; “My Times: Biography and Political Testament”). López Portillo adopted a somewhat conciliatory approach toward supplying the United States with oil and gas while exerting pressure for the easing of U.S. trade and immigration restrictions. Pascual Ortiz Rubio | Gobierno de José López Portillo (1976-1982) Económia Turismo creación de complejos turísticos para turismo extranjero Nueva Ley Federal de Turismo Créditos del banco Mundial e Interamericano 5000 cuartos a nivel nacional Creación del Banco Nacional de Turismo Explotación de Emilio Portes Gil | Subsequent presidents have all been for free trade (librecambismo). López Portillo was born in Mexico City, to his father José López Portillo y Weber (1888–1974), an engineer, historian, researcher, and academic, and to Refugio Pacheco y Villa-Gordoa. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. López Portillo was the only official candidate in the 1976 Presidential election, being the only President in recent Mexican history to win an election unopposed. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Which of these men lived in South America? September 1980 in den Nassauischen Hausorden vom Goldenen Löwen aufgenommen. [12] In 1977, after the death of dictator Francisco Franco, Mexico resumed diplomatic relations with Spain. [1], Venustiano Carranza Garza | Another ancestor was a Royal Judge in the Audiencia de Nueva Galicia in the eighteenth century. He was the grandson of José López Portillo y Rojas, a lawyer, politician, and man of letters. November 1982). – Quetzalcóatl(1965). He undertook an ambitious program to promote Mexico's economic development with revenues stemming from the discovery of new petroleum reserves in the states of Veracruz and Tabasco by Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the country's publicly owned oil company. Felipe Calderón | September 1982 verstaatlichte er die mexikanischen Banken. López Portillo attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the University of Chile. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 24. In 1980, Mexico joined Venezuela in the Pact of San José, a foreign aid project to sell oil at preferential rates to countries in Central America and the Caribbean. [3] His presidency was also marked by widespread government corruption and nepotism. López Portillo was the last of the so-called economic nationalist Mexican presidents. López Portillo war der Sohn von José López Portillo y Weber und dessen Ehefrau Rosario Pacheco. Seine Schwester war die Autorin Margarita López Portillo. By the time his term ended in 1982, his administration had been discredited, and López Portillo lived abroad for several years to escape the animosity Mexicans felt toward him. – Ellos vienen… La conquista de México(1987). Am 1. This measure was designed to permit more minority participation in Mexican politics, which had been dominated by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 1929. José López Portillo, in full José López Portillo y Pacheco, (born June 16, 1920, Mexico City, Mexico—died February 17, 2004, Mexico City), Mexican lawyer, economist, and writer, who was president of Mexico from 1976 to 1982. López Portillo mounted an ambitious program for the exploitation of huge, newly discovered petroleum reserves in Veracruz and Tabasco states by Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), the state-owned Mexican oil agency. The other, ultimately his successor, was Miguel de la Madrid, who was chosen for his financial and administrative skills, which were deemed much more necessary after the devaluation of the peso in February 1982 and the subsequent economic crisis. Juni 1920 in Mexiko-Stadt; † 17. Durch den luxemburgischen Großherzog Jean wurde er am 19. Álvaro Obregón Salido | "), and asked for forgiveness over his mistakes as President and the economic crisis. López Portillo war der Sohn von José López Portillo y Weber und dessen Ehefrau Rosario Pacheco. Im letzten Jahr seiner Regierung wurde Mexiko, bedingt durch eine galoppierende Inflation und international stark fallende Erdölpreise, zahlungsunfähig. [9], An electoral reform conducted during his presidential term increased the number of members of the Chamber of Deputies to 400: 300 being elected single-seat constituencies by plurality vote (uninominals) and 100 being elected according to proportional representation (plurinominals). Miguel Alemán Valdés | Carlos Salinas de Gortari | He was the great-great-great grandson of José María Narváez (1768–1840), a Spanish explorer who was the first to enter Strait of Georgia, in present-day British Columbia, and the first to view the site now occupied by Vancouver. [16], For his grandfather, Mexican lawyer, politician and man of letters, see, José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco, Secretary of Finance and Public Credit of Mexico, Director of the Federal Electricity Commission, heavy investments in the national oil industry, "José López Portillo - Mexico's most reviled president", "MEXICO'S AFFLUENT ELITE SHUDDERS OVER DRIVE ON ECONOMIC 'TRAITORS, "Lopez Portillo Denies He Became Rich as President", "José López Portillo, President When Mexico's Default Set Off Debt Crisis, Dies at 83", "Nuestro siglo - La Reforma política de 1977", "José López Portillo Mexico's most reviled president", "Zedillo y Fox los ex presidentes de México más reconocidos", "Don Q Jose Lopez Portillo - MercadoLibre México", José López Portillo, Ex-President of Mexico, Dies at 83 (subscription needed), Mexico's ex-president Lopez Portillo dies, José López Portillo: Mexico's most reviled president, Prelude to Disaster: José López Portillo and the Crash of 1976, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=José_López_Portillo&oldid=981858806, Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians, Candidates in the 1976 Mexican presidential election, National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni, Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009, Articles with dead external links from December 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 October 2020, at 20:42. José López Portillo y Pacheco fue también escritor, pasó por diferentes géneros pero especialmente trabajó en ensayos y novelas. José López Portillo y Pacheco (* 16. Adolfo de la Huerta | He held several positions in the administrations of his two predecessors before being appointed to serve as finance minister under Luis Echeverría, a close friend from childhood, between 1973 and 1975. The economic confidence that he fostered led to a short-term boost in economic growth, but by the time he left office, the economy had deteriorated and gave way to a severe debt crisis and a sovereign default. In 1983 President Miguel de la Madrid dissociated himself from López Portillo’s administration, accusing it of aggravating the “grotesque” maldistribution of wealth and defrauding Pemex. Manuel Ávila Camacho | Mexican ex-president José López Portillo has been attributed with the legendary phrase: “I don’t pay them to attack me” (no les pago para que me peguen). López Portillo’s most significant political reform was to increase the size of the Chamber of Deputies to 400 members, with a minimum of 100 seats reserved for opposition parties. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines | [citation needed] He studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) before beginning his political career. One, Javier García Paniagua, would have been appointed if a man of greater political skill were needed. Omissions? To date, he is the last Mexican president to run unopposed. – Mis tiempos(2 tomos, 1988). [11], In 1981, the Cancun Summit, a North-South dialogue, took place. [13] This passionate speech, however, did little to repair his image, and he remains one of the most unpopular Mexican presidents in recent history.[2]. Er studierte Jura an der Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México und war dort ab 1954 Professor, zuerst für Staatstheorie, danach für politische Wissenschaft. [2] As a result of the crisis, the last months of his administration were plagued by widespread capital flight, leading López Portillo to nationalize the banks three months before leaving office. Dezember 1976 bis 30. López Portillo was elected unopposed in 1976, though in any event the PRI was so entrenched that he was effectively assured of victory when Echeverría chose him as the PRI's candidate. Una de sus obras más famosas y polémicas fue su autobiografía, Mis tiempos, en la que habló acerca del porqué de sus acciones durante su gobierno e intentó limpiar su nombre. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Nassauischen Hausorden vom Goldenen Löwen, Literatur von und über José López Portillo, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=José_López_Portillo&oldid=203045147, Mitglied des Partido Revolucionario Institucional, Hochschullehrer (Nationale Autonome Universität von Mexiko), Ritter des Nassauischen Hausordens vom Goldenen Löwen, Träger des Verdienstordens der Italienischen Republik (Großkreuz mit Ordenskette), „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“, mexikanischer Politiker, Präsident Mexikos. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Adolfo López Mateos | He was the victim of a cardiac complication generated by a pneumonia. Updates? He then practiced law and later was professor of law, political science, and public administration at the National University of Mexico before beginning his political career. [1] His tenure was marked by heavy investments in the national oil industry after the discovery of new oil reserves, which propelled initial economic growth, but later gave way to a severe debt crisis after the international oil prices fell down, leading Mexico to declare a sovereign default in 1982. He then practiced law and later was professor of law, political science, and public administration at the National University of Mexico before beginning his political career. Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León | [14] They had two children (Nabila and Alejandro) but later separated. – El súper P… – Génesis y teoría del Estado moderno(1965). Lázaro Cárdenas del Río | López Portillo was the last economic nationalist president to emerge from the ranks of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Leben. Februar 2004 ebenda) war Präsident Mexikos (1. López Portillo wurde erhebliche Korruption vorgeworfen. B. die New York Times es in ihrem Nachruf als ein Symbol der politischen Dekadenz, dass er seine Mätresse, Rosa Luz Alegría, nicht nur zur Tourismus-Ministerin gemacht, sondern ihr auch für zwei Millionen US-Dollar ein Haus gekauft hatte. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. [8], During his presidential term, his critics accused him of corruption and nepotism. In this position he modernized tax-collection procedures, pursued tax evaders, and reduced public spending. Although López Portillo himself was suspected of having been involved in corruption as well, he was never charged with any crimes.[6][5]. In a national survey conducted in 2012, 25% of the respondents considered that the López Portillo administration was "very good" or "good", 17% responded that it was an "average" administration, and 44% responded that it was a "very bad" or "bad" administration. Vicente Fox Quesada | As president of Mexico, López Portillo followed a more conservative approach than that of his predecessor, Echeverría, deemphasizing land redistribution and favouring the creation of nonagricultural jobs, exploitation of oil and natural gas, tax concessions to stimulate industrial development, and attraction of foreign investment. [4][5], Shortly after leaving office, during the presidency of his successor Miguel de la Madrid, numerous officials who had worked under the López Portillo administration were prosecuted for corruption, the most notorious cases being Arturo Durazo and Jorge Díaz Serrano. Abelardo L. Rodríguez | Plutarco Elías Calles | By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. José López Portillo war zweimal verheiratet, zuerst mit Carmen Romano, einer Nichte des Malers Francisco Romano Guillemín, mit der er drei gemeinsame Kinder namens José Ramón, Carmen und Paulina hatte, und danach mit der Schauspielerin Sasha Montenegro, mit der er weitere zwei Kinder hatte. José López Portillo y Pacheco | In the year leading to the end of his term as president on December 1, 1982, López Portillo personally chose two candidates as possibilities to replace himself, following the succession ritual established by his party. This phrase summarizes what has been the toxic relationship of the press with political power in Mexico for almost a century. August 2020 um 07:03 Uhr bearbeitet. After graduating, he began his political career with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1959. [7], One of his last acts as president, announced during his annual State of the Nation address on September 1, 1982, was to order the nationalization of the country's banking system. López Portillo attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the University of Chile. Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado | Durch eine Steigerung der Erdölexporte florierte anfänglich unter seiner Präsidentschaft die Wirtschaft; später kam es aber zu hohen Staatsschulden und sozialen Spannungen. [15] He was buried at the Pantheon Federal District military. Enrique Peña Nieto | When he entered office, Mexico was in the midst of an economic crisis. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In 1978 Mexico reopened diplomatic relations with Spain after a 38-year hiatus. He continued Echeverría’s population-control program, which achieved a modest reduction in the country’s high birth rate. Er machte sie zur Direktorin aller mexikanischen Filmstudios und Rundfunksender. Luis Echeverría Álvarez | He held various administrative positions under Presidents Gustavo Díaz Ordaz and Luis Echeverría before becoming minister of finance in 1971. Trabajó como litigante en la facultad de derecho de la UNAM. Corrections? This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Lopez-Portillo, The Guardian - Obituary of Jos� L�pez Portillo, José López Portillo - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The program resulted in rapid economic growth and a dramatic increase in Mexico’s oil exports, but much of the resulting wealth was squandered on inefficient state-run enterprises or was pocketed by government and labour union officials. López Portillo's first wife was Carmen Romano. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz | Rampant government corruption and unrestrained government borrowing resulted in $60 billion in foreign debt, and when world oil prices collapsed in 1981 Mexico defaulted on its debt, triggering a global debt crisis. 1959 wurde er Mitglied des PRI; 1973–1975 war er Finanzminister unter Luis Echeverría, 1976–1982 sein Nachfolger als Staatspräsident von Mexiko. So bezeichnete z. He was the brother of late Mexican novelist Margarita López Portillo, who died on May 8, 2006, of natural causes. During López Portillo's presidential term, Mexico supported the Sandinista National Liberation Front in Nicaragua. José Guillermo Abel López Portillo y Pacheco, (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse ˈlopes poɾˈtiʝo]; 16 June 1920 – 17 February 2004) was a Mexican lawyer and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 51st President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982.
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